"croch" meaning in Old Irish

See croch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈkɾox/
Etymology: From Insular Proto-Celtic *krukā (compare Welsh crog), borrowed from the oblique stem of Latin crux. Doublet of cros, which was instead formed by attaching feminine ā-stem inflectional endings directly onto the nominative singular. Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*(s)ker-|id=turn}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*krukā}} Proto-Celtic *krukā, {{cog|cy|crog}} Welsh crog, {{der|sga|la|crux}} Latin crux, {{doublet|sga|cros}} Doublet of cros Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} croch f, {{sga-noun|f}} croch f Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-a-fem|croich}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=croich+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=crocha+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=croich+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=ā-f|dat_du=crochaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=crochaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=croich+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=croch+L|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=croch+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=croiche+H|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=croich+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=crocha+H|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=croch+L|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=croich+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=crocha+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=croch+L|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], croch [nominative, singular], croich [dual, nominative], crocha [nominative, plural], croch [singular, vocative], croich [dual, vocative], crocha [plural, vocative], croich [accusative, singular], croich [accusative, dual], crocha [accusative, plural], croiche [genitive, singular], croch [dual, genitive], croch [genitive, plural], croich [dative, singular], crochaib [dative, dual], crochaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], croch [mutation, mutation-radical], chroch [lenition, mutation], croch [error-unrecognized-form, mutation]
  1. cross Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-croch-sga-noun-s5hpUrFF
  2. gallows Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-croch-sga-noun-CteSCUYf Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 23 77
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: crochaid

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "crochaid"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "croch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "crogh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "croch"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*krukā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krukā"
    ],
    [
      "crog",
      "crog#Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "crux",
      "crux#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "cros",
      "cros#Old_Irish"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker-",
        "id": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*krukā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krukā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "crog"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh crog",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "crux"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin crux",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cros"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of cros",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Insular Proto-Celtic *krukā (compare Welsh crog), borrowed from the oblique stem of Latin crux. Doublet of cros, which was instead formed by attaching feminine ā-stem inflectional endings directly onto the nominative singular.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crocha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crocha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crocha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croiche",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crochaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crochaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chroch",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "croch f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "croch f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "croich"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "croich+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "crocha+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "croich+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "crochaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "crochaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "croich+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "croch+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "croch+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "croiche+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "croich+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "crocha+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "croch+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "croich+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "crocha+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "croch+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cross"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-croch-sga-noun-s5hpUrFF",
      "links": [
        [
          "cross",
          "cross"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gallows"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-croch-sga-noun-CteSCUYf",
      "links": [
        [
          "gallows",
          "gallows"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɾox/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "croch"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish doublets",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish feminine nouns",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Latin",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "crochaid"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "croch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "crogh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "croch"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*krukā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krukā"
    ],
    [
      "crog",
      "crog#Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "crux",
      "crux#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "cros",
      "cros#Old_Irish"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker-",
        "id": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*krukā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krukā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "crog"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh crog",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "crux"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin crux",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cros"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of cros",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Insular Proto-Celtic *krukā (compare Welsh crog), borrowed from the oblique stem of Latin crux. Doublet of cros, which was instead formed by attaching feminine ā-stem inflectional endings directly onto the nominative singular.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crocha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crocha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crocha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croiche",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crochaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crochaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chroch",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "croch",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "croch f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "croch f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "croich"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "croich+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "crocha+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "croich+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "crochaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "crochaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "croich+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "croch+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "croch+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "croiche+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "croich+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "crocha+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "croch+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "croich+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "crocha+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "croch+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cross"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "cross",
          "cross"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "gallows"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "gallows",
          "gallows"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɾox/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "croch"
}

Download raw JSONL data for croch meaning in Old Irish (5.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
  "msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, croch/Old Irish",
  "path": [
    "croch"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "croch",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "croch"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "croch",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.